Abstract
Motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their management have been evaluated in numerous studies. Four classical symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural abnormalities, are used to establish a clinical diagnosis of PD. However, this research is aimed at exploring the range of non-motor symptoms with an emphasis upon their ability to affect the patients with PD and their quality of life. With a slow onset of the known symptoms like tremor or rhythmic shaking of limbs called “pill-rolling tremor”, slowed movement (bradykinesia), muscle rigidity, stooped and altered posture, loss of the ability to blink or smile, and various speech and writing changes; the disease takes a leap into the non-motor symptoms like dementia, drooling, swallowing issues, difficulty urinating, and constipation. The dopaminergic pathophysiology of PD explains the anxiety, slowness of thought, fatigue, and dysphoria. Knowing the non-motor symptoms is crucial to help the clinician to make early diagnosis and to better understand the prognosis of the spectrum of this disease.
Translated title of the contribution | Spectrum of Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease — a Review |
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Original language | Russian |
Pages (from-to) | 72-80 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology |
Volume | 18 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 10-2024 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Neuroscience (miscellaneous)
- General Neuroscience
- General
- Neurology
- Clinical Neurology
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience