@article{ca275779f39644fd9e5d9b7983dc9b2b,
title = "A common endocrine signature marks the convergent evolution of an elaborate dance display in frogs",
abstract = "Unrelated species often evolve similar phenotypic solutions to the same environmental problem, a phenomenon known as convergent evolution. But how do these common traits arise? We address this question from a physiological perspective by assessing how convergence of an elaborate gestural display in frogs (foot-flagging) is linked to changes in the androgenic hormone systems that underlie it. We show that the emergence of this rare display in unrelated anuran taxa is marked by a robust increase in the expression of androgen receptor (AR) messenger RNA in the musculature that actuates leg and foot movements, but we find no evidence of changes in the abundance of AR expression in these frogs{\textquoteright} central nervous systems. Meanwhile, the magnitude of the evolutionary change in muscular AR and its association with the origin of foot-flagging differ among clades, suggesting that these variables evolve together in a mosaic fashion. Finally, while gestural displays do differ between species, variation in the complexity of a foot-flagging routine does not predict differences in muscular AR. Altogether, these findings suggest that androgen-muscle interactions provide a conduit for convergence in sexual display behavior, potentially providing a path of least resistance for the evolution of motor performance.",
author = "Anderson, {Nigel K.} and Schuppe, {Eric R.} and Gururaja, {K. V.} and Mangiamele, {Lisa A.} and Martinez, {Juan Carlos Cusi} and H. Priti and {von May}, Rudolf and Doris Preininger and Fuxjager, {Matthew J.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Sharmila Gowri Shankar, P. F. Gowri Shankar, and P. Prashanth of K{\~a}linga Center for Rainforest Ecology; Guddekere, Shivamogga, and C. Suresh of Honey Valley Estate; Yavakapady and Kodagu for field support and accommodation; and G. Ravikanth of Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment for lab support in India. Approval for access of biological resources in India was granted by the Research by National Biodiversity Authority (government of India) and by the principal chief conservator of forests and chief wildlife warden of the Karnataka State Forest Department. We also thank the Amazon Conservation Association and the staff at Los Amigos Biological Station for facilitating our fieldwork in Peru. Research and collecting and exporting permits for Peru were issued by the Direcci{\'o}n General Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre and the Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre of Peru. We thank the Vienna Zoo, staff of the Rainforest House, and A. Weissenbacher for assistance with Bornean rock frogs. We thank M. C. Miles for helping collect frogs. Finally, we thank A. R. Ives, L. Z. Garamszegi, A. P. M{\o}ller, J. J. Soler, P. T. Raimondi, S. Ramachandran, and L. J. Revell for comments and advice on our statistical approach. This work was funded by National Science Foundation grants IOS-1947472 (to M.J.F.) and OISE-1952542 (to M.J.F.). Funding Information: We thank Sharmila Gowri Shankar, P. F. Gowri Shankar, and P. Prashanth of K?linga Center for Rainforest Ecology; Guddekere, Shivamogga, and C. Suresh of Honey Valley Estate; Yavakapady and Kodagu for field support and accommodation; and G. Ravikanth of Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment for lab support in India. Approval for access of biological resources in India was granted by the Research by National Biodiversity Authority (government of India) and by the principal chief conservator of forests and chief wildlife warden of the Karnataka State Forest Department. We also thank the Amazon Conservation Association and the staff at Los Amigos Biological Station for facilitating our fieldwork in Peru. Research and collecting and exporting permits for Peru were issued by the Direcci?n General Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre and the Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre of Peru. We thank the Vienna Zoo, staff of the Rainforest House, and A. Weissenbacher for assistance with Bornean rock frogs. We thank M. C. Miles for helping collect frogs. Finally, we thank A. R. Ives, L. Z. Garamszegi, A. P. M?ller, J. J. Soler, P. T. Raimondi, S. Ramachandran, and L. J. Revell for comments and advice on our statistical approach. This work was funded by National Science Foundation grants IOS-1947472 (to M.J.F.) and OISE-1952542 (to M.J.F.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The University of Chicago.",
year = "2021",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1086/716213",
language = "English",
volume = "198",
pages = "522--539",
journal = "American Naturalist",
issn = "0003-0147",
publisher = "University of Chicago",
number = "4",
}