A comprehensive assessment of small hydro power in India – current scenario and future potential

India is fortunate to have enormous hydro-electric power, standing fifth in the global market with regard to exploitable hydro-potential. For employment of rural communities and to reduce global warming, small hydropower (SHP) is an apt renewable energy resource for generating electricity. This review demonstrates the present capacity of small hydro power instated across various states and its progression in India. The SHP’s actualization as a renewable energy source is impeded by challenges in meeting the energy demand, providing clarity in public–private partnerships and exploiting the untapped potential. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Resources (MNRE) says that the promotion of small hydropower is the important area for generating grid quality power. In spite of SHP witnessing considerable growth recently, we are yet to exploit about three-quarters of the total identified potential of 20,000 Mega Watts(MW). India has to take serious steps to speed up the development of small hydropower, as it is important to mitigate poverty in rural and remote areas, by providing employment opportunities.