A fractal quad-band antenna loaded with L-shaped slot and metamaterial for wireless applications

A novel concept of using fractal antenna with metamaterial and slot to achieve multiband operation is investigated. The antenna consists of an L-shaped slot, Sierpinski triangle (used as fractal) as the radiating part and metamaterial circular split ring resonator (SRR) as the ground plane. The introduction of metamaterial in the ground plane makes the antenna operate at 3.3 GHz (middle WiMAX). The etching of Sierpinski triangle and L-shaped slot in the radiating monopole perturbs the surface current distribution; thereby increasing the total current path length which tends the antenna to further operate at 5.5 (upper WiMAX), 7.3 (satellite TV) and 9.9 GHz (X-band), respectively. The extraction of medium parameter of a circular SRR through waveguide medium is discussed in detail. The antenna has a compact dimension of 0.33λ0 × 0.27λ0 × 0.01λ0 = 30 mm × 24.8 mm × 1.6 mm, at a lower frequency of 3.3 GHz. Under simulation, antenna operates at 3.3, 5.5, 7.3 and 9.9 GHz with S11 < -10 dB bandwidth of about 5.9% (3.24-3.44 GHz), 5.6% (5.31-5.62 GHz), 7.3% (6.99-7.52 GHz) and 3.02% (9.78-10.08 GHz), respectively. In measurement, antenna exhibit resonances at 3.1, 5.52, 7.31, 9.72 GHz with S11 < -10 dB bandwidth of about 3.5% (3.04-3.15 GHz), 5.01% (5.44-5.72 GHz), 13.2% (6.76-7.72 GHz) and 5.77% (9.42-9.98 GHz), respectively. Good impedance matching and stable radiation characteristics are observed across the operational bandwidth of the proposed configuration.