A Review of Accessibility in Sustainable Bus Transport Infrastructure for Persons with Locomotor Disabilities

Accessibility is a critical aspect of global sustainable transportation, fostering inclusive growth, equitable mobility and urban resilience for all citizens. Ensuring the availability of an inclusive transportation system is paramount for well-being of all, particularly for persons with locomotor disabilities. The relationship between physical infrastructure and the mobility of persons with disabilities has garnered considerable academic attention. Despite increasing focus on accessible transportation, there remains a significant gap in research on concerns related to persons with restricted mobility in urban bus transport infrastructure. This study systematically reviews existing literature on accessibility in bus transportation, integrating built environment considerations, principles of sustainable transit and technological advancements. Using a structured methodology based on PRISMA guidelines, eighty full text articles published after 2008 were reviewed from Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. Findings from global research highlight accessibility challenges and potential solutions. The study emphasises the role of universal design principles in the built environment and related technological interventions to enhance transit accessibility. Key findings indicate that structural barriers such as inaccessible bus stops, lack of ramps along with social and attitudinal factors significantly hinder mobility of persons with locomotor disabilities. Policy enforcement and stakeholder collaboration are crucial in implementation of sustainable, inclusive transportation solutions. The review suggests urban bus networks must adopt a holistic, multimodal approach, integrating electric and autonomous vehicles to facilitate accessible mobility while reducing environmental impact. Practical implications include recommendations for stakeholders to incorporate inclusive design, improve service quality, and enforce accessibility regulations. Socially, the study advocates for greater public awareness, sensitivity training for transit personnel, and inclusive urban planning to empower persons with disabilities and promote community engagement. The findings contribute significantly to equitable mobility, aligning with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-11) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). This research lays the groundwork for future studies on accessibility, sustainability, and technological innovation in public transportation, supporting the development of smarter, more adaptable transit networks that prioritise inclusivity, and improve quality of life for individuals with mobility impairments and contributing to the broader goal of creating liveable, resilient cities.