TY - JOUR
T1 - A Review on Doped/Composite Bismuth Chalcogenide Compounds for Thermoelectric Device Applications
T2 - Various Synthesis Techniques and Challenges
AU - Hegde, Ganesh Shridhar
AU - Prabhu, A. N.
N1 - Funding Information:
Metabolic heat dissipation such as that occurring during running or walking is a valuable source of thermoelectric energy production. Harvesting of the energy is accomplished by transducers to generate electric power for domestic devices. For the comfort, robustness, and inter-device communication of all users, the design, fabrication, and evaluation of self-powered monitoring in enhanced wearable instruments have been sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) since 2012. In 1998, the first commercial thermoelectric wristwatch was developed with 300 mV of open-circuit voltage, 0.1% efficiency conversion, and 25 output power over a temperature difference of 1.5°C. Though wearable thermoelectric generators cannot offer sufficient power for more sophisticated power electronics, they can power lower-energy wearables. Using the heat from a more significant part of the body, the power can be enhanced. The significant advances in thermoelectric wristwatches were related to the TEGs, power organization, and heat transfer design.
Funding Information:
Ganesh Shridhar Hegde (GSH) would like to acknowledge the Manipal Academy of Higher Education for providing financial support from Dr. T. M. A. doctoral fellowship. GSH would like to express special gratitude to Mr. Manoj for designing the illustrations. Additionally, GSH would like to express profound thanks towards Mr. Shrihari Rao and Mr. Ganesh Krishna for their cooperation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - One of the global demands of primary research objectives is to achieve human energy harvesting and self-powered wearable technologies. Bismuth chalcogenides are the trending materials for thermoelectric generators and Peltier coolers due to their notable thermoelectric figure of merit in the low- and room-temperature range. Systematic alloying of bismuth chalcogenides leads to a substantial change in their electrical and thermal transport properties. The high thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) observed in bismuth chalcogenides is due to the rhombohedral crystal structure, lower effective mass, low thermal conductivity, and large band degeneracy. This review is aimed at identifying and quantifying different techniques for effectively improving the thermoelectric properties of doped/composite bismuth chalcogenide compounds. The review also examines the various synthesis methods including ball milling (BM), spark plasma sintering (SPS), self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), soft chemical reaction, hydrothermal reaction, melt growth (MG), melt spinning (MS), sintering and consolidated synthesis, and hot extrusion, with their respective figures of merit. Since device modification is a challenging task, this report reviews the present research on bismuth chalcogenide alloys to benchmark future development using various techniques. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
AB - One of the global demands of primary research objectives is to achieve human energy harvesting and self-powered wearable technologies. Bismuth chalcogenides are the trending materials for thermoelectric generators and Peltier coolers due to their notable thermoelectric figure of merit in the low- and room-temperature range. Systematic alloying of bismuth chalcogenides leads to a substantial change in their electrical and thermal transport properties. The high thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) observed in bismuth chalcogenides is due to the rhombohedral crystal structure, lower effective mass, low thermal conductivity, and large band degeneracy. This review is aimed at identifying and quantifying different techniques for effectively improving the thermoelectric properties of doped/composite bismuth chalcogenide compounds. The review also examines the various synthesis methods including ball milling (BM), spark plasma sintering (SPS), self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), soft chemical reaction, hydrothermal reaction, melt growth (MG), melt spinning (MS), sintering and consolidated synthesis, and hot extrusion, with their respective figures of merit. Since device modification is a challenging task, this report reviews the present research on bismuth chalcogenide alloys to benchmark future development using various techniques. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85126223074
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85126223074#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1007/s11664-022-09513-x
DO - 10.1007/s11664-022-09513-x
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85126223074
SN - 0361-5235
VL - 51
SP - 2014
EP - 2042
JO - Journal of Electronic Materials
JF - Journal of Electronic Materials
IS - 5
ER -