TY - JOUR
T1 - A review on human body fluids for the diagnosis of viral infections
T2 - scope for rapid detection of COVID-19
AU - Adigal, Sphurti S.
AU - Rayaroth, Nidheesh V.
AU - John, Reena V.
AU - Pai, Keerthilatha M.
AU - Bhandari, Sulatha
AU - Mohapatra, Aswini Kumar
AU - Lukose, Jijo
AU - Patil, Ajeetkumar
AU - Bankapur, Aseefhali
AU - Chidangil, Santhosh
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors would like to acknowledge DST, DST-FIST, VGST, Govt. of Karnataka, for various facilities extended for the studies discussed in this paper. Sphurti S Adigal and Nidheesh V R are thankful to Dr. TMA Pai, Ph.D. fellowship obtained from Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, to each one of them to carry out this work. Authors are also thankful to Dr. V.B. Kartha, former head of the centre for his expert suggestions during the preparation of this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Introduction: The unprecedented outbreaks of corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) have highlighted the necessity of readily available, reliable, precise, and faster techniques for its detection. Nasopharyngeal swab has been the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, it is not an ideal screening procedure for massive screening as it implicates the patient’s stay in the hospital or at home until diagnosis, thus causing crowding of the specimen at the diagnostic centers. Present study deal with the exploration of potential application of different body fluids using certain highly objective techniques (Optical and e-Nose) for faster detection of molecular markers thereby diagnosing viral infections. Areas covered: This report presents an evaluation of different body fluids, and their advantages for the rapid detection of COVID-19, coupled with highly sensitive optical techniques for the detection of molecular biomarkers. Expert opinion: Tears, saliva, and breath samples can provide valuable information about viral infections. Our brief review strongly recommends the application of saliva/tears and exhaled breath as clinical samples using technics such as high-performance liquid chromatography-laser-induced fluorescence, photoacoustic spectroscopy, and e-Nose, respectively, for the fast diagnosis of viral infections.
AB - Introduction: The unprecedented outbreaks of corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) have highlighted the necessity of readily available, reliable, precise, and faster techniques for its detection. Nasopharyngeal swab has been the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, it is not an ideal screening procedure for massive screening as it implicates the patient’s stay in the hospital or at home until diagnosis, thus causing crowding of the specimen at the diagnostic centers. Present study deal with the exploration of potential application of different body fluids using certain highly objective techniques (Optical and e-Nose) for faster detection of molecular markers thereby diagnosing viral infections. Areas covered: This report presents an evaluation of different body fluids, and their advantages for the rapid detection of COVID-19, coupled with highly sensitive optical techniques for the detection of molecular biomarkers. Expert opinion: Tears, saliva, and breath samples can provide valuable information about viral infections. Our brief review strongly recommends the application of saliva/tears and exhaled breath as clinical samples using technics such as high-performance liquid chromatography-laser-induced fluorescence, photoacoustic spectroscopy, and e-Nose, respectively, for the fast diagnosis of viral infections.
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U2 - 10.1080/14737159.2021.1874355
DO - 10.1080/14737159.2021.1874355
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85100235064
SN - 1473-7159
VL - 21
SP - 31
EP - 42
JO - Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics
JF - Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics
IS - 1
ER -