A review on mechanical, water-soaking, thermal, and wear properties of nanoclay-polyester nanocomposites

Nanocomposites comprising nanoclay and polyester matrices have emerged as promising materials due to their improved mechanical, thermal, water resistance, and wear properties. This review compiles the preparation techniques and the influence of nanoclay on various properties of polyester-based nanocomposites. The addition of nanoclay enhances tensile, flexural, impact strength, and hardness due to improved stress transfer and interfacial bonding. The review also focuses on the morphology of nanoclay-polyester nanocomposites using SEM analysis. Water uptake significantly decreases with nanoclay addition, owing to its ability to create tortuous paths that hinder water diffusion. Concerning thermal properties, nanoclay improves glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and flame resistance while reducing thermal expansion. Furthermore, wear resistance is enhanced due to better load distribution and surface reinforcement. These improvements make nanoclay-polyester nanocomposites suitable for automotive, aerospace, marine, and construction applications. The review also emphasizes the need for further studies on the long-term durability of these composites under real-world environmental conditions.