A Study of Imaging the Cardiac Activation Sequences in Electrocardiology

The electrical impulses propagating on the heart muscles create a potential difference between intra and extra cellular space, called as transmembrane potentials. These wavefronts passing throughout the myocardium generates potential on the body surface, which can be measured in terms of Electrocardiogram (ECG). The cardiovascular diseases like arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, and infarctions result in rupturing of myocardial cells that show either less magnitude or zero action potentials. In order to diagnose the locations of the ruptured cells, ECG is one of the main tests that is popularly used. But, ECG limits its ability to image cardiac activities in the heart level. The clinicians may have to use other imaging modalities/invasive methods to diagnose the diseases. Non- invasive imaging is thus challenging approach that would help clinicians to localize the ruptured cardiac region. In this, the forward problem of the heart is modeled based on uniform double layer theory. The activation waves are non-invasively imaged on the cardiac surface. The inverse study is extended to reconstruct depolarization waves from abnormal sites at left and right ventricle muscles (anterior and posterior) using Tikhonov regularization technique.