A synergistic review of bioreactor technologies and their integration in 3D bioprinting

Bioreactors are devices that provide a favorable environment to organisms, animal cells, plant cells, and biological products to facilitate biological activity. On the other hand, bioprinting is a form of the additive manufacturing process that uses bioinks and other feasible biomaterials to construct a 3-dimensional (3D) model. The amalgamation of these two fields resulted in the new technology wherein bioreactors are used in 3D bioprinting to build a mammalian cell, target a particular cell and its viability, and many other factors in in vitro conditions. The bioreactor will act as a counterfeit that assists in making the required 3D model from the cell culture. 3D bioprinting intends to advance the discovery and development of medicine. This review systematically analyzes bioprinting technology, the different 3D bioprinting bioreactors manufactured, their applications, limitations, and future scope. It is also one of the first review papers to discuss the critical relationship between bioreactors and bioprinting technology.