Adsorption of Dyes from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review

Because of their ubiquitous industrial usage, dyes are significant water pollutants. Adsorption is an effective method for eliminating colors from tainted water. In the twenty-first century, industrialization is growing at a dizzying rate. During this stage, more noble colors and dyes are used. These hues contribute to a wide range of contaminants, including water, soil, and air pollution. The objective of this report is just to discuss the chemical and bio-based adsorbents used to remove various types of industrial dyes. Several adsorption isotherm assumptions and mathematical formulations were investigated. The effect of a variety of factors on adsorption phenomena is addressed.