Advanced perspectives on chalcogenide perovskite solar cells using CZTS as HTL for optimum efficiency

This work proposes a chalcogenide perovskite solar cell (PSC) using n-i-p planar heterojunction. Chalcogenide perovskites BaZrS₃ are the absorber layer, is followed by a copper-zinc and tin sulphide (CZTS), which will serve as a hole-transporting layer (HTL). The solar cell structure comprises titanium oxide (Tio₂) placed on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate; this substance will act as an electron-transporting layer. In addition to having strong electrical characteristics and stability, this compound is used because of its straightforward production method and band tuning. It is an inorganic substance that is also inexpensive and non-toxic. As a back contact, gold (Au) is then positioned. The simulations were run under AM 1.5G light brightness, emphasizing attaining the suggested solar cell's optimum performance. The parameters that were optimized in the solar cell device included acceptor concentration, BaZrS₃ and CZTS thickness, band gap of CZTS, and temperature range within 300 K–500 K. Additionally, the best electrical values were obtained with the application of the optimum parameters: J_SC of 32.04 mA/cm², Voc of 1.32 V, FF of 80.30 %, and PCE of 32.26 %. The device's construction could be applied in solar energy gathering system applications because of the improved performance parameters.