TY - JOUR
T1 - Advances in 4D printing
T2 - from stimulation to simulation
AU - Pingale, Prashant
AU - Dawre, Shilpa
AU - Dhapte-Pawar, Vividha
AU - Dhas, Namdev
AU - Rajput, Amarjitsing
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Controlled Release Society.
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - The advancement of four-dimensional (4D) printing has been fueled by the rise in demand for additive manufacturing and the expansion in shape-memory materials. The printing of smart substances that respond to external stimuli is known as 4D printing. 4D printing allows highly controlled shapes to simulate the physiological milieu by adding time dimensions. The 4D printing is suitable with current progress in smart compounds, printers, and its mechanism of action. The 4D printing paradigm, a revolutionary enhancement of 3D printing, was anticipated by various engineering disciplines. Tissue engineering, medicinal, consumer items, aerospace, and organ engineering use 4D printing technology. The current review mainly focuses on the basics of 4D printing and the methods used therein. It also discusses the time-dependent behavior of stimulus-sensitive compounds, which are widely used in 4D printing. In addition, this review highlights material aspects, specifically related to shape-memory polymers, stimuli-responsive materials (classified as physical, chemical, and biological), and modified materials, the backbone of 4D printing technology. Finally, potential applications of 4D printing in the biomedical sector are also discussed with challenges and future perspectives. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AB - The advancement of four-dimensional (4D) printing has been fueled by the rise in demand for additive manufacturing and the expansion in shape-memory materials. The printing of smart substances that respond to external stimuli is known as 4D printing. 4D printing allows highly controlled shapes to simulate the physiological milieu by adding time dimensions. The 4D printing is suitable with current progress in smart compounds, printers, and its mechanism of action. The 4D printing paradigm, a revolutionary enhancement of 3D printing, was anticipated by various engineering disciplines. Tissue engineering, medicinal, consumer items, aerospace, and organ engineering use 4D printing technology. The current review mainly focuses on the basics of 4D printing and the methods used therein. It also discusses the time-dependent behavior of stimulus-sensitive compounds, which are widely used in 4D printing. In addition, this review highlights material aspects, specifically related to shape-memory polymers, stimuli-responsive materials (classified as physical, chemical, and biological), and modified materials, the backbone of 4D printing technology. Finally, potential applications of 4D printing in the biomedical sector are also discussed with challenges and future perspectives. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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U2 - 10.1007/s13346-022-01200-y
DO - 10.1007/s13346-022-01200-y
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85132799814
SN - 2190-393X
VL - 13
SP - 164
EP - 188
JO - Drug Delivery and Translational Research
JF - Drug Delivery and Translational Research
IS - 1
ER -