Advancing insights into vistas of novel drug delivery approaches for multiple sclerosis treatment-a review

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating inflammatory auto-immune CNS condition characterized by nerve sheath demyelination, neurodegeneration, axonal destruction, and paralysis. It affects adults aged 20 to 50, with females being twice as at risk as males. In MS, auto-reactive T and B lymphocytes penetrate the BBB, triggering perivenous demyelinating plaques that give rise to a number of inflammatory responses, primarily seen in the white matter. With persistent MS, cortical demyelination and rising axonal transections develop. MS treatment is divided into two categories: disease-modifying treatments and symptomatic therapy. To now, expensive, non-tolerable and partially efficacious medicines are accessible for MS treatment. As a result, clinicians, researchers, and pharma institutions are presently looking for newer therapies to treat MS. Although recent advancements have substantially reduced disease progression and improved health lifestyles for many patients, there are multiple restrictions around delivery routes and stipulations for repeated, long-term dosing, which leads to systemic adverse events and patient non-adherence. This review focuses on determining novel approaches to conventional MS medications, highlights the discovery pipeline of potent compounds, and provides innovative perspectives for eliciting MS tolerance and immuno-suppression, to control pathogenic, aberrant immune responses.