AI-enhanced image analysis and interpretation

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming medical imaging by improving accuracy, efficiency, and interpretability in diagnostics and treatment. This chapter examines AI's role in image analysis across medical domains using machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and radiomics. AI has demonstrated effectiveness in various applications, often matching or surpassing clinicians. It enhances diagnostic and predictive capabilities, streamlines workflows, and aids in early detection, disease characterization, and treatment planning. However, challenges like robustness, bias reduction, and generalizability across datasets hinder adoption. Addressing these issues is key to seamless clinical integration. Emerging trends focus on multimodal data and generalized models to broaden AI's applicability. While promising, these technologies require validation through multicenter studies, larger datasets, and strong algorithmic frameworks. Through collaboration, AI- driven imaging can advance precision medicine, improve patient outcomes, and redefine medical diagnostics.