TY - JOUR
T1 - An insight into microscopy and analytical techniques for morphological, structural, chemical, and thermal characterization of cellulose
AU - Chakraborty, Ishita
AU - Rongpipi, Sintu
AU - Govindaraju, Indira
AU - Rakesh, B.
AU - Mal, Sib Sankar
AU - Gomez, Esther W.
AU - Gomez, Enrique D.
AU - Kalita, Ranjan Dutta
AU - Nath, Yuthika
AU - Mazumder, Nirmal
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, for the financial support (project number: BT/PR25099/NER/95/1014/2017 and DST/INT/BLG/P-03/2019). Nirmal Mazumder thanks Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal and Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council-Centre of Relevance and Excellence (TIFAC-CORE) in Pharmacogenomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE for providing the infrastructure and facilities. Ishita Chakraborty thanks MAHE for Dr. T.M.A. Pai Ph.D. fellowship and Department of Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka, Karnataka, India for Ph.D. fellowship (Award no.: DST/KSTePS/Ph.D. Fellowship/LIF-12:2021-2/1024). Sintu Rongpipi, Esther W. Gomez, and Enrique D. Gomez acknowledge support as part of the Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under award no. DE-SC0001090.
Funding Information:
We thank the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, for the financial support (project number: BT/PR25099/NER/95/1014/2017 and DST/INT/BLG/P‐03/2019). Nirmal Mazumder thanks Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal and Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council‐Centre of Relevance and Excellence (TIFAC‐CORE) in Pharmacogenomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE for providing the infrastructure and facilities. Ishita Chakraborty thanks MAHE for Dr. T.M.A. Pai Ph.D. fellowship and Department of Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka, Karnataka, India for Ph.D. fellowship (Award no.: DST/KSTePS/Ph.D. Fellowship/LIF‐12:2021‐2/1024). Sintu Rongpipi, Esther W. Gomez, and Enrique D. Gomez acknowledge support as part of the Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under award no. DE‐SC0001090.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Cellulose obtained from plants is a bio-polysaccharide and the most abundant organic polymer on earth that has immense household and industrial applications. Hence, the characterization of cellulose is important for determining its appropriate applications. In this article, we review the characterization of cellulose morphology, surface topography using microscopic techniques including optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Other physicochemical characteristics like crystallinity, chemical composition, and thermal properties are studied using techniques including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. This review may contribute to the development of using cellulose as a low-cost raw material with anticipated physicochemical properties. Highlights: Morphology and surface topography of cellulose structure is characterized using microscopy techniques including optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Analytical techniques used for physicochemical characterization of cellulose include X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis.
AB - Cellulose obtained from plants is a bio-polysaccharide and the most abundant organic polymer on earth that has immense household and industrial applications. Hence, the characterization of cellulose is important for determining its appropriate applications. In this article, we review the characterization of cellulose morphology, surface topography using microscopic techniques including optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Other physicochemical characteristics like crystallinity, chemical composition, and thermal properties are studied using techniques including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. This review may contribute to the development of using cellulose as a low-cost raw material with anticipated physicochemical properties. Highlights: Morphology and surface topography of cellulose structure is characterized using microscopy techniques including optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Analytical techniques used for physicochemical characterization of cellulose include X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis.
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U2 - 10.1002/jemt.24057
DO - 10.1002/jemt.24057
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85122791301
SN - 1059-910X
VL - 85
SP - 1990
EP - 2015
JO - Microscopy Research and Technique
JF - Microscopy Research and Technique
IS - 5
ER -