Analyzing the Impact of GFM-GFL Ratio and Placement on Transient Performance of an Islanded Grid

Ashwini Kumar; Vineeth Patil; Ankit Singhal

doi:10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225691

Analyzing the Impact of GFM-GFL Ratio and Placement on Transient Performance of an Islanded Grid

Ashwini Kumar^*
, Vineeth Patil
, Ankit Singhal

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Electrical Engineering

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

In inverter-based modern power systems, grid-forming inverters (GFMI) and grid-following inverters (GFLI) are the prominent control strategies for integrating renewable energy resources. In a multiple inverter system, GFMIs form the grid and share power based on the droop control with relatively loner transients. In contrast, the GFLI quickly supplies the predefined reference power to the system in a load disturbance. Due to this, it remains a challenge to determine an appropriate sharing ratio of GFLI/GFMI. This paper investigates the impact of the GFM/GFL capacity ratio and their placement on the transient performance of a 100% IBR-driven islanded grid. Through simulation studies, we analyse various scenarios with different GFM/GFL ratios and placements, focusing on settling time and power overshoot metrics. The results show that increasing GFLI share improves system transients, reducing overshoot and settling time, particularly when GFLIs are placed closer to the point of disturbance.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025
Publisher	IEEE Computer Society
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331509958
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225691
Publication status	Published - 2025
Event	2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025 - Austin, United States Duration: 27-07-2025 → 31-07-2025

Publication series

Name	IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting
ISSN (Print)	1944-9925
ISSN (Electronic)	1944-9933

Conference

Conference	2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025
Country/Territory	United States
City	Austin
Period	27-07-25 → 31-07-25

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Nuclear Energy and Engineering
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Access to Document

10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225691

Cite this

@inproceedings{0f4c2dcb7413438b82a921a51eb03a2b,

title = "Analyzing the Impact of GFM-GFL Ratio and Placement on Transient Performance of an Islanded Grid",

abstract = "In inverter-based modern power systems, grid-forming inverters (GFMI) and grid-following inverters (GFLI) are the prominent control strategies for integrating renewable energy resources. In a multiple inverter system, GFMIs form the grid and share power based on the droop control with relatively loner transients. In contrast, the GFLI quickly supplies the predefined reference power to the system in a load disturbance. Due to this, it remains a challenge to determine an appropriate sharing ratio of GFLI/GFMI. This paper investigates the impact of the GFM/GFL capacity ratio and their placement on the transient performance of a 100\% IBR-driven islanded grid. Through simulation studies, we analyse various scenarios with different GFM/GFL ratios and placements, focusing on settling time and power overshoot metrics. The results show that increasing GFLI share improves system transients, reducing overshoot and settling time, particularly when GFLIs are placed closer to the point of disturbance.",

author = "Ashwini Kumar and Vineeth Patil and Ankit Singhal",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.; 2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025 ; Conference date: 27-07-2025 Through 31-07-2025",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225691",

language = "English",

series = "IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting",

publisher = "IEEE Computer Society",

booktitle = "2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025",

address = "United States",

}

Kumar, A, Patil, V & Singhal, A 2025, Analyzing the Impact of GFM-GFL Ratio and Placement on Transient Performance of an Islanded Grid. in 2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE Computer Society, 2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025, Austin, United States, 27-07-25. https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225691

Analyzing the Impact of GFM-GFL Ratio and Placement on Transient Performance of an Islanded Grid. / Kumar, Ashwini; Patil, Vineeth; Singhal, Ankit.
2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025. IEEE Computer Society, 2025. (IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

TY - GEN

T1 - Analyzing the Impact of GFM-GFL Ratio and Placement on Transient Performance of an Islanded Grid

AU - Kumar, Ashwini

AU - Patil, Vineeth

AU - Singhal, Ankit

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - In inverter-based modern power systems, grid-forming inverters (GFMI) and grid-following inverters (GFLI) are the prominent control strategies for integrating renewable energy resources. In a multiple inverter system, GFMIs form the grid and share power based on the droop control with relatively loner transients. In contrast, the GFLI quickly supplies the predefined reference power to the system in a load disturbance. Due to this, it remains a challenge to determine an appropriate sharing ratio of GFLI/GFMI. This paper investigates the impact of the GFM/GFL capacity ratio and their placement on the transient performance of a 100% IBR-driven islanded grid. Through simulation studies, we analyse various scenarios with different GFM/GFL ratios and placements, focusing on settling time and power overshoot metrics. The results show that increasing GFLI share improves system transients, reducing overshoot and settling time, particularly when GFLIs are placed closer to the point of disturbance.

AB - In inverter-based modern power systems, grid-forming inverters (GFMI) and grid-following inverters (GFLI) are the prominent control strategies for integrating renewable energy resources. In a multiple inverter system, GFMIs form the grid and share power based on the droop control with relatively loner transients. In contrast, the GFLI quickly supplies the predefined reference power to the system in a load disturbance. Due to this, it remains a challenge to determine an appropriate sharing ratio of GFLI/GFMI. This paper investigates the impact of the GFM/GFL capacity ratio and their placement on the transient performance of a 100% IBR-driven islanded grid. Through simulation studies, we analyse various scenarios with different GFM/GFL ratios and placements, focusing on settling time and power overshoot metrics. The results show that increasing GFLI share improves system transients, reducing overshoot and settling time, particularly when GFLIs are placed closer to the point of disturbance.

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U2 - 10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225691

DO - 10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225691

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105025190024

T3 - IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting

BT - 2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025

PB - IEEE Computer Society

T2 - 2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025

Y2 - 27 July 2025 through 31 July 2025

ER -

Analyzing the Impact of GFM-GFL Ratio and Placement on Transient Performance of an Islanded Grid

Abstract

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UN SDGs

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

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