TY - JOUR
T1 - Antibacterial effect of titanium oxide and cobalt-doped zinc ferrite coated stainless steel orthodontic brackets against Streptococcus mutans – an in-vitro study
AU - Bhamra, Simarpreet
AU - Singla, Ritesh
AU - Kulkarni, Suresh D.
AU - Shenoy, Padmaja A.
AU - Singla, Nishu
AU - Patil, Vathsala
AU - Kasana, Sandeep
AU - Devadiga, Sudarshana
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Author(s). Published by MJS Publishing on behalf of Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, with the condition of proper attribution to the original work.
PY - 2025/1
Y1 - 2025/1
N2 - Background: White spot lesions (WSL), plaque buildup, and poor oral hygiene are all consequences of the intricate bracket patterns found in fixed orthodontic treatment. Therefore, coatings made of titanium oxide (TiO2) and cobalt-doped zinc ferrite (CZFO) nanoparticles were evaluated for their antibacterial qualities to address this issue. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial effects of TiO2 and CZFO when used as surface modificants for orthodontic stainless-steel brackets in reducing the proliferation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Materials and methods: The study was conducted as two main groups: a TiO2 group and a CZFO group. Each group was subsequently divided into three subgroups: a control group (petri dish containing S. mutans strain in broth without brackets), uncoated brackets (n = 20), and coated brackets (n = 20) resulting in a total of 40 brackets per group. The brackets were coated using a hydrothermal process followed by microbiological assays to determine the colony-forming units (CFU) of S. mutans. Statistical analysis: Results were analyzed within groups using one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey tests. Differences between the two coatings were analyzed using independent Student’s t-test. Results: In their respective groups, the TiO2-coated and CZFO-coated brackets showed significantly lower CFUs of S. mutans (2.46 ± 0.15 and 2.93 ± 0.59 log10CFU/mL, respectively) than the control group (5.07 ± 0.24 and 4.64 ± 0.30 log10 CFU/mL respectively) and the uncoated brackets (4.56 ± 0.49 and 4.52 ± 0.24 log10 CFU/mL respectively) (Group TiO2-p < 0.001, Group CZFO-p = 0.004). No significant difference in CFU was found between TiO2 and CZFO coatings. Conclusion: In this study, both TiO2 and CZFO coated brackets proved to be better than their respective control groups at reducing the viability of S. mutans. CZFO coated brackets exhibited antibacterial effects comparable to UV-activated TiO2 brackets, even under visible light.
AB - Background: White spot lesions (WSL), plaque buildup, and poor oral hygiene are all consequences of the intricate bracket patterns found in fixed orthodontic treatment. Therefore, coatings made of titanium oxide (TiO2) and cobalt-doped zinc ferrite (CZFO) nanoparticles were evaluated for their antibacterial qualities to address this issue. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial effects of TiO2 and CZFO when used as surface modificants for orthodontic stainless-steel brackets in reducing the proliferation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Materials and methods: The study was conducted as two main groups: a TiO2 group and a CZFO group. Each group was subsequently divided into three subgroups: a control group (petri dish containing S. mutans strain in broth without brackets), uncoated brackets (n = 20), and coated brackets (n = 20) resulting in a total of 40 brackets per group. The brackets were coated using a hydrothermal process followed by microbiological assays to determine the colony-forming units (CFU) of S. mutans. Statistical analysis: Results were analyzed within groups using one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey tests. Differences between the two coatings were analyzed using independent Student’s t-test. Results: In their respective groups, the TiO2-coated and CZFO-coated brackets showed significantly lower CFUs of S. mutans (2.46 ± 0.15 and 2.93 ± 0.59 log10CFU/mL, respectively) than the control group (5.07 ± 0.24 and 4.64 ± 0.30 log10 CFU/mL respectively) and the uncoated brackets (4.56 ± 0.49 and 4.52 ± 0.24 log10 CFU/mL respectively) (Group TiO2-p < 0.001, Group CZFO-p = 0.004). No significant difference in CFU was found between TiO2 and CZFO coatings. Conclusion: In this study, both TiO2 and CZFO coated brackets proved to be better than their respective control groups at reducing the viability of S. mutans. CZFO coated brackets exhibited antibacterial effects comparable to UV-activated TiO2 brackets, even under visible light.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105028024360
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105028024360#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.2340/biid.v12.44819
DO - 10.2340/biid.v12.44819
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105028024360
SN - 2641-5275
VL - 12
SP - 126
EP - 135
JO - Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry
JF - Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry
ER -