Application of V2G and G2V Coordination of Aggregated Electric Vehicle Resource in Load Levelling

This paper proposes a distinct vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) coordination model to utilize the controllability of electric vehicle (EV) battery storage system during the charging and discharging phases for load levelling. The aspect of the vehicles of changeable locations is taken as the basis to obtain a defined mobility pattern, with home and work being selected as the operational places to perform G2V and V2G activities. The presented approach assisted in achieving peak shaving and valley filling (MW) of a typical two-peak daily load curve of a real system to a considerable extent, thereby levelling the load and reducing the complexities associated with the forecasting and dispatch of the oscillating load. The reduction in the ramp up and ramp down energy and reserve requirements (MW), as well as the cost savings associated with reduced generation ramping commitments, as seen from system operator's perspective, is quantified with the proposed schemes. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of flattening a realistic amount of load. The associated cost savings with reduced ramping requirements from traditional sources can be allocated to participating vehicles for providing the grid services. The benefits derived can encourage their adoption which is contained due to its expensiveness in the current market scenario, apart from increasing the grid reliability.