TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of Enterovirus Excretion and Identification of VDPVs in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency in India
T2 - Outcome of ICMR–WHO Collaborative Study Phase-I
AU - Mohanty, Madhu Chhanda
AU - Desai, Mukesh
AU - Mohammad, Ahmad
AU - Aggarwal, Amita
AU - Govindaraj, Geeta
AU - Bhattad, Sagar
AU - Lashkari, Harsha Prasada
AU - Rajasekhar, Liza
AU - Verma, Harish
AU - Kumar, Arun
AU - Sawant, Unnati
AU - Varose, Swapnil Yashwant
AU - Taur, Prasad
AU - Yadav, Reetika Malik
AU - Tatkare, Manogat
AU - Fernandes, Mevis
AU - Bargir, Umair
AU - Majumdar, Sanjukta
AU - Edavazhippurath, Athulya
AU - Rangarajan, Jyoti
AU - Manthri, Ramesh
AU - Madkaikar, Manisha Ranjan
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by the World Health Organization through a grant from The Rotary International, Grant No-PP19BMF0001.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/7
Y1 - 2023/7
N2 - The emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) in patients with Primary Immunodeficiency (PID) is a threat to the polio-eradication program. In a first of its kind pilot study for successful screening and identification of VDPV excretion among patients with PID in India, enteroviruses were assessed in stool specimens of 154 PID patients across India in a period of two years. A total of 21.42% of patients were tested positive for enteroviruses, 2.59% tested positive for polioviruses (PV), whereas 18.83% of patients were positive for non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV). A male child of 3 years and 6 months of age diagnosed with Hyper IgM syndrome was detected positive for type1 VDPV (iVDPV1) with 1.6% nucleotide divergence from the parent Sabin strain. E21 (19.4%), E14 (9%), E11 (9%), E16 (7.5%), and CVA2 (7.5%) were the five most frequently observed NPEV types in PID patients. Patients with combined immunodeficiency were at a higher risk for enterovirus infection as compared to antibody deficiency. The high susceptibility of PID patients to enterovirus infection emphasizes the need for enhanced surveillance of these patients until the use of OPV is stopped. The expansion of PID surveillance and integration with a national program will facilitate early detection and follow-up of iVDPV excretion to mitigate the risk for iVDPV spread.
AB - The emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) in patients with Primary Immunodeficiency (PID) is a threat to the polio-eradication program. In a first of its kind pilot study for successful screening and identification of VDPV excretion among patients with PID in India, enteroviruses were assessed in stool specimens of 154 PID patients across India in a period of two years. A total of 21.42% of patients were tested positive for enteroviruses, 2.59% tested positive for polioviruses (PV), whereas 18.83% of patients were positive for non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV). A male child of 3 years and 6 months of age diagnosed with Hyper IgM syndrome was detected positive for type1 VDPV (iVDPV1) with 1.6% nucleotide divergence from the parent Sabin strain. E21 (19.4%), E14 (9%), E11 (9%), E16 (7.5%), and CVA2 (7.5%) were the five most frequently observed NPEV types in PID patients. Patients with combined immunodeficiency were at a higher risk for enterovirus infection as compared to antibody deficiency. The high susceptibility of PID patients to enterovirus infection emphasizes the need for enhanced surveillance of these patients until the use of OPV is stopped. The expansion of PID surveillance and integration with a national program will facilitate early detection and follow-up of iVDPV excretion to mitigate the risk for iVDPV spread.
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U2 - 10.3390/vaccines11071211
DO - 10.3390/vaccines11071211
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85166652255
SN - 2076-393X
VL - 11
JO - Vaccines
JF - Vaccines
IS - 7
M1 - 1211
ER -