Association between immunological status and caries experience among adults attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)

Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting people worldwide. It is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans. Studies have shown that the immunological response of dental caries in children and adults vary. The immunological status of patients with dental caries may help in long term management of the problem. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the levels of serum immunoglobulin G, A and M among adults and to determine its association with caries experience. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy adults aged 18-60 years old attending the HUSM Dental Clinic were randomly selected. There were 9 males and 21 females. Oral examination was done to determine caries experience using the DMFT index. Blood samples were taken and serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, A and M) were analyzed using nephelometer. The study was approved by Universiti Sains Malaysia Human Ethics Committee. Results: Majority of them were Malays (86.7%) and 13.3% were Chinese. They were grouped according to low (DMFT = 0), moderate (DMFT = 1-4) and high (DMFT > 4) caries experience. Serum immunoglobulin G, A and M levels was found to be normal in all groups. There was no significant association between serum immunoglobulin levels and caries experience. Conclusion: Although caries experience varies widely, the serum immunoglobulin levels were within the normal range.