TY - JOUR
T1 - Blockchain for healthcare systems
T2 - Architecture, security challenges, trends and future directions
AU - J, Andrew
AU - Isravel, Deva Priya
AU - Sagayam, K. Martin
AU - Bhushan, Bharat
AU - Sei, Yuichi
AU - Eunice, Jennifer
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the JSPS KAKENHI under Grants JP21H03496 and JP22K12157 , and in part by the JST, PRESTO under Grant JPMJPR1934 .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Blockchain has become popular in recent times through its data integrity and wide scope of applications. It has laid the foundation for cryptocurrencies such as Ripple, Bitcoin, Ethereum, and so on. Blockchain provides a platform for decentralization and trust in various applications such as finance, commerce, IoT, reputation systems, and healthcare. However, prevailing challenges like scalability, resilience, security and privacy are yet to be overcome. Due to rigorous regulatory constraints such as HIPAA, blockchain applications in the healthcare industry usually require more stringent authentication, interoperability, and record sharing requirements. This article presents an extensive study to showcase the significance of blockchain technology from both application and technical perspectives for healthcare domain. The article discusses the features and use-cases of blockchain in different applications along with the healthcare domain interoperability. The detailed working operation of the blockchain and the consensus algorithms are presented in the context of healthcare. An outline of the blockchain architecture, platforms, and classifications are discussed to choose the right platform for healthcare applications. The current state-of-the-art research in healthcare blockchain and available blockchain based healthcare applications are summarized. Furthermore, the challenges and future research opportunities along with the performance evaluation metrics in realizing the blockchain technology for healthcare are presented to provide insight for future research. We also layout the various security attacks on the blockchain protocol with the classifications of threat models and presented a comparative analysis of the detection and protection techniques. Techniques to enhance the security and privacy of the blockchain network is also discussed.
AB - Blockchain has become popular in recent times through its data integrity and wide scope of applications. It has laid the foundation for cryptocurrencies such as Ripple, Bitcoin, Ethereum, and so on. Blockchain provides a platform for decentralization and trust in various applications such as finance, commerce, IoT, reputation systems, and healthcare. However, prevailing challenges like scalability, resilience, security and privacy are yet to be overcome. Due to rigorous regulatory constraints such as HIPAA, blockchain applications in the healthcare industry usually require more stringent authentication, interoperability, and record sharing requirements. This article presents an extensive study to showcase the significance of blockchain technology from both application and technical perspectives for healthcare domain. The article discusses the features and use-cases of blockchain in different applications along with the healthcare domain interoperability. The detailed working operation of the blockchain and the consensus algorithms are presented in the context of healthcare. An outline of the blockchain architecture, platforms, and classifications are discussed to choose the right platform for healthcare applications. The current state-of-the-art research in healthcare blockchain and available blockchain based healthcare applications are summarized. Furthermore, the challenges and future research opportunities along with the performance evaluation metrics in realizing the blockchain technology for healthcare are presented to provide insight for future research. We also layout the various security attacks on the blockchain protocol with the classifications of threat models and presented a comparative analysis of the detection and protection techniques. Techniques to enhance the security and privacy of the blockchain network is also discussed.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jnca.2023.103633
DO - 10.1016/j.jnca.2023.103633
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85151619562
SN - 1084-8045
VL - 215
JO - Journal of Network and Computer Applications
JF - Journal of Network and Computer Applications
M1 - 103633
ER -