Blood glucose regulation in diabetes mellitus patients: A review on mathematical plant model and control algorithms

In the current industrialized era, diabetes mellitus is spread worldwide, a metabolic disease termed as diabetes. In this condition, human body is not able to maintain an acceptable range 70–180 mg/dl of blood glucose and could lead to prolonged sickness. Diabetes at least doubles a person’s risk of death. As the years progress by 2035 the expected death shall rise to 592 million. Several researches especially in the regulation of blood glucose were carried out and still remained an open challenge. With the increase in the modern technology and treatment towards the diabetes mellitus, there are several open opportunities to develop different methods of treatment. The main emphasize is to develop an efficient controller to the device which mimics the human pancreas. The elimination of the risk of occurrence of hypoglycaemia is the main concern. Though many Artificial Pancreas systems are available, they are still subjected to many limitations. The challenges in development of Artificial Pancreas are choosing an appropriate mathematical model while developing an efficient control algorithm. Various mathematical models and methodological approach are reviewed and elaborated in this paper.