Comparative Evaluation of the Microleakage of Two Bonding Systems Pretreated with Chitosan Nanoparticles and Restored with Composite Resin: An In Vitro Study †

Class II cavity preparation was conducted on 84 recently extracted premolars. Group I consisted of teeth restored with composite and without adhesive, (n = 12). Group II consisted of teeth restored with composite using prime and bond universal adhesive (n = 36). Group III teeth were restored with composites with Scotchbond universal adhesive (n = 36). Group II and III (n = 18 each) were further subdivided into chitosan pretreated and non-pretreated groups and named as II a, II b, III a, and III b, respectively. Microleakage was tested using the fluid filtration model. The mean microleakage was least for the prime and bond universal groups pretreated with chitosan (0.00145 and 0.00205) at both time periods. This was followed by the Scotchbond universal group pretreated with chitosan group (0.00149 and 0.00203). This was followed by the prime and bond without pretreatment with chitosan groups (0.00229 and 0.00225).