Comparison of postural stability and Romberg quotient before and after total knee arthroplasty in individuals with knee osteoarthritis

Purpose: Assessing postural stability before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is crucial for monitoring recovery and guiding rehabilitation. This study evaluated postural stability and the Romberg quotient in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) before and after TKA, compared with healthy controls. Materials and methods: This prospective, longitudinal single-center study included 77 individuals with primary knee OA scheduled for TKA and 77 age- and sex-matched controls. Postural stability was assessed using a Win-Track force platform under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions preoperatively and postoperatively. Parameters included center of pressure (CoP) length, area, average sway speed, and sway deviations and the Romberg quotient. Between-group and within-group comparisons were done. Results: Individuals with knee OA exhibited significantly impaired postural stability compared to controls. Following TKA, progressive improvement was observed, with significant reductions in CoP area and sway deviations. At 12-month post-TKA, postural stability parameters were comparable to controls during eyes-open, with minimal differences during eyes-closed. Romberg quotient showed no statistically significant differences across time points or between groups. Conclusions: TKA significantly improves postural stability in individuals with knee OA. Despite improvements, subtle deficits in postural control may persist postoperatively. Rehabilitation should emphasize neuromuscular reeducation and sensory integration to optimize balance and reduce fall risk.