Complete Neurological Recovery In A 3 Year Old Presenting With Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Due To Idiopathic Hypertension - A Case Report

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an acute neurological illness presenting with clinical symptoms and distinctive MRI findings. Symptoms include headaches, seizures, altered consciousness as well as visual impairment. PRES is always accompanied by peculiar radiological findings of edematous change affecting the rear cerebral area. It commonly occurs in settings where patients are undergoing hypertensive crisis, or there is the use of steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, in the nephritic state or end-stage renal disease. The management includes treating the underlying cause and symptomatic therapy. However, due to relatively fewer pediatric reports, its management isn't specific and rather based on experience. Our patient is a 3-year-old male, who presented with hypertensive crisis and MRI findings confirmed it to be a case of PRES. He was managed with a combined regime of antihypertensive and steroids which lead to complete neurological recovery and resolution of PRES. There are a scarce number of case reports on the use of steroids for the treatment of vasogenic oedema in children.