Convention and beyond: an insight into current methods of microplastic detection

Microplastics (MPs) are a major source of stress to environmental and ecological health. To manage the problems that arise due to MPs, it is important to identify them in various habitats before suggesting or utilising mitigation measures. Therefore, the detection and characterization of these MPs is pivotal to environmental protection, especially as a means to assess the risks posed to local populations due to exposure to MPs. This review aims to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of modern identification methods of MPs. Each technique is described in detail, with emphasis on sensing principles and detection performances. From the naked eye approach to the use of thermo-analytical and spectroscopic instruments, an overview of conventional and modern approaches to detection will provide a sturdy base for the search for and improvement of identification methods of MPs.