TY - GEN
T1 - Cost-Effective Methodology to Quantify the Submarine Groundwater Discharge from Coastal Unconfined Aquifers
AU - Lino, Yovan
AU - Rajan, Athira S.
AU - Prabhu, Santhosh
AU - Udayashankar, Harikripa Narayana
AU - Sudharsanan, R. S.
AU - Balakrishna, Keshava
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Submarine groundwater discharge is a pathway of fresh and recirculated groundwater to the sea. It is recently understood that this phenomenon delivers thirteen times more nutrients to the sea than the river water. This is due to the high residence time of groundwater in the coastal aquifers when compared with the river water. Studies to estimate the discharge in the field is very scarce; therefore, the real magnitude of discharge and the nutrient budget through SGD is still inconclusive. On the other hand, quantifying the SGD rates in a location would help calculate the optimal pumping rate from the coastal aquifer without leading to seawater ingress. Methods available currently to estimate SGD rates are resource intensive and needs dedicated instruments. We suggest a cost-effective methodology using the basic civil engineering survey instruments and fabricated tools to estimate the SGD rates from the coastal aquifer. This method not only estimates the discharge, but it also helps delineate the seawater-freshwater interface in the coastal aquifer and could differentiate between the fresh and recirculated SGD. The limitation of this methodology is that the SGD rates can only be estimated from the coastal unconfined aquifers, not the deeper aquifers.
AB - Submarine groundwater discharge is a pathway of fresh and recirculated groundwater to the sea. It is recently understood that this phenomenon delivers thirteen times more nutrients to the sea than the river water. This is due to the high residence time of groundwater in the coastal aquifers when compared with the river water. Studies to estimate the discharge in the field is very scarce; therefore, the real magnitude of discharge and the nutrient budget through SGD is still inconclusive. On the other hand, quantifying the SGD rates in a location would help calculate the optimal pumping rate from the coastal aquifer without leading to seawater ingress. Methods available currently to estimate SGD rates are resource intensive and needs dedicated instruments. We suggest a cost-effective methodology using the basic civil engineering survey instruments and fabricated tools to estimate the SGD rates from the coastal aquifer. This method not only estimates the discharge, but it also helps delineate the seawater-freshwater interface in the coastal aquifer and could differentiate between the fresh and recirculated SGD. The limitation of this methodology is that the SGD rates can only be estimated from the coastal unconfined aquifers, not the deeper aquifers.
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U2 - 10.1007/978-981-19-0304-5_49
DO - 10.1007/978-981-19-0304-5_49
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85131127328
SN - 9789811903038
T3 - Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
SP - 697
EP - 712
BT - Innovative Trends in Hydrological and Environmental Systems - Select Proceedings of ITHES 2021
A2 - Dikshit, Anil Kumar
A2 - Narasimhan, Balaji
A2 - Kumar, Bimlesh
A2 - Patel, Ajey Kumar
PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
T2 - International Virtual Conference on Innovative Trends in Hydrological and Environmental Systems, ITHES 2021
Y2 - 28 April 2021 through 30 April 2021
ER -