Design of a Smart Braking System Using Microcontroller for Dual Scenarioss

Nowadays, due to increased income and improved infrastructure, many countries have experienced rapid motorization over the past decade. Factors such as increased urbanization, improved road networks, the availability of affordable car models, and easier access to financing options have contributed to the rise in four-wheeler ownership in most countries. There are several major causes of four-wheeler accidents, among which speeding and reckless driving are the main causes. This has an impact on individuals, leading to loss of life and physical injuries. In this paper, an intelligent braking system is used to reduce the likelihood of more car collisions occurring in cases of overspeeding, distracted driving, and reckless driving. The opposite-side vehicle and the vehicle behind speed conditions are obtained using the sensors provided in the vehicle, and the distance is estimated. The microcontroller is used to estimate the parameters and compare them with reference values; a decision is taken to decrease the speed or maintain the same speed, while also providing an alarm to the driver. The microcontroller implements algorithms to analyze the sensor data and detect the current driving scenario. Based on the detected scenario, the microcontroller controls the braking system to ensure optimal performance. The prototype model is developed to work in dual scenarios, one in highway mode and another in urban mode, and tested for both scenarios.