Design optimization and background modeling of the HEX experiment on Chandrayaan-I

Spacecraft and their subsystem components are subject to a very hazardous radiation environment in both near-Earth and deep space orbits. Knowledge of the effects of this high energy particle and electromagnetic radiation is essential in designing sensors, electronic circuits and living habitats for humans in near Earth orbit, en route to and on the Moon and Mars. This paper discusses the use of Monte Carlo simulations to optimize system design, radiation source modeling, and determination of background in sensors due to galactic cosmic rays and radiation from the Moon. The results demonstrate the use of Monte Carlo particle transport toolkits to predict secondary production, determine dose rates in space and design required shielding geometry.