Determination of mechanical properties and environmental impact assessment of concrete containing industrial wastes

The Imperial Smelting Furnace Slag (ISF Slag) is a byproduct of zinc mining. The ISF slag contains hazardous elements such as lead and zinc and a thorough treatment before its disposal is required which demands a significant investment of time, money and effort. Also, increased construction activities produce large amounts of Waste Marble Powder (WMPs) and Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste which results in severe environmental degradation. The first goal of this paper is to propose a pathway for the safe disposal of these wastes by partially substituting them in concrete in place of Fine and Coarse Aggregate (FA & CA). Secondly, this research aims at to identify an optimal combination of these wastes for improved strength and environmental benefits. The results of experimental study shows that a combination of, a) 10% WMPS and 15% ISF slag, b) CA replaced by 10% C&D waste in concrete with addition of 1% Hooked Steel Fibers (HSF) (by weight of cement) exhibits best strength enhancement of 13.26%, 16.52%, and 18.43% in compression, tension, and flexure respectively. The environmental impact assessment using Recipe mid-point and end-point analysis shows reduction of particulate and greenhouse gas emission by 35.5% and 41.8%, respectively.