Diethylaminoethyl dextran as a multifunctional polycationic system: From molecular design to therapeutic advancement

Diethylaminoethyl dextran is a cationic polysaccharide which has gained interest in pharmaceutical and biomedical field as a versatile multifunctional biomaterial. DEAE dextran's molecular architecture comprises a dextran core decorated with diethylaminoethyl moieties, enabling controllable hydrophilicity, positive charge density, and increased binding to negatively charged biomolecules, consequently elevating its biocompatibility and functional performance. These characteristics serve as a foundation for its prolonged use in gene transfection and chromatography, while aiding in the development of advanced nano drug delivery systems. The review article provides insights on the physical and chemical characteristics of DEAE dextran with its method of synthesis, mechanistic understanding of its polycationic behaviour, electrostatic binding with drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, and the cellular uptake and intracellular permeation. Special focus is given for its structural derivatives and formulation strategies such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and micelles extending its functional versatility. Additionally, this review article elaborates on the applications of DEAE dextran in controlled and sustained drug delivery systems, targeted therapies, cancer therapy, and development of vaccine adjuvants.