Diode lasers: The optical tool in dentistry (Review)

The present review aimed to provide a summary of the clinical applications, mechanisms of action and benefits of diode lasers in dentistry. It highlights their expanding role in soft tissue surgical procedures, biostimulation and antimicrobial therapies, while addressing their limitations, including cost, safety concerns and restricted use in hard tissues. A detailed analysis of existing literature was performed to evaluate the utility of diode lasers in dental procedures, such as crown lengthening, gingival depigmentation, frenectomy, the exposure of unerupted teeth, root canal disinfection, periodontal pocket therapy, photodynamic therapy and tooth whitening. Comparative studies between diode lasers and conventional techniques were reviewed to assess outcomes, mechanisms of tissue interaction and safety considerations. Relevant data were obtained from a comprehensive search of peer‑reviewed journals from the Scopus, PubMed and other scientific databases. Diode lasers provide significant advantages over traditional methods, including precise soft tissue incisions, reduced bleeding, faster healing and minimal postoperative discomfort. Procedures, such as gingival depigmentation, frenectomy and crown lengthening achieve superior outcomes and aesthetics with diode lasers. They were also effective in bacterial decontamination and photodynamic therapy, reducing the need for antibiotics. Despite these benefits, limitations such as high costs, the potential for thermal damage and the necessity for specialized training were identified. In summary, diode lasers are versatile, minimally invasive tools offering superior results in soft tissue surgery and antimicrobial therapy. Their incorporation into dental practices enhances treatment outcomes; however, appropriate training and safety measures remain essential.