TY - JOUR
T1 - Discrimination of Normal, Benign, and Malignant Breast Tissues by Raman Spectroscopy
AU - Chowdary, M. V.P.
AU - Kumar, K. Kalyan
AU - Kurien, Jacob
AU - Mathew, Stanley
AU - Krishna, C. Murali
PY - 2006/12/5
Y1 - 2006/12/5
N2 - Breast cancers are the leading cancers among females. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the gold standard. The widely practiced screening method, mammography, suffers from high false positive results and repeated exposure to harmful ionizing radiation. As with all other cancers survival rates are shown to heavily depend on stage of the cancers (Stage 0, 95%; Stage IV, 75%). Hence development of more reliable screening and diagnosis methodology is of considerable interest in breast cancer management. Raman spectra of normal, benign, and malignant breast tissue show significant differences. Spectral differences between normal and diseased breast tissues are more pronounced than between the two pathological conditions, malignant and benign tissues. Based on spectral profiles, the presence of lipids (1078, 1267, 1301, 1440, 1654, 1746 cm-1) is indicated in normal tissue and proteins (stronger amide I, red shifted ΔCH2, broad and strong amide III, 1002, 1033, 1530, 1556 cm-1) are found in benign and malignant tissues. The major differences between benign and malignant tissue spectra are malignant tissues seem to have an excess of lipids (1082, 1301, 1440 cm-1) and presence of excess proteins (amide I, amide III, red shifted ΔCH2, 1033, 1002 cm-1) is indicated in benign spectra. The multivariate statistical tool, principal components analysis (PCA) is employed for developing discrimination methods. A score of factor 1 provided a reasonable classification of all three tissue types. The analysis is further fine-tuned by employing Mahalanobis distance and spectral residuals as discriminating parameters. This approach is tested both retrospectively and prospectively. The limit test, which provides the most unambiguous discrimination, is also considered and this approach clearly discriminated all three tissue types. These results further support the efficacy of Raman spectroscopic methods in discriminating normal and diseased breast tissues.
AB - Breast cancers are the leading cancers among females. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the gold standard. The widely practiced screening method, mammography, suffers from high false positive results and repeated exposure to harmful ionizing radiation. As with all other cancers survival rates are shown to heavily depend on stage of the cancers (Stage 0, 95%; Stage IV, 75%). Hence development of more reliable screening and diagnosis methodology is of considerable interest in breast cancer management. Raman spectra of normal, benign, and malignant breast tissue show significant differences. Spectral differences between normal and diseased breast tissues are more pronounced than between the two pathological conditions, malignant and benign tissues. Based on spectral profiles, the presence of lipids (1078, 1267, 1301, 1440, 1654, 1746 cm-1) is indicated in normal tissue and proteins (stronger amide I, red shifted ΔCH2, broad and strong amide III, 1002, 1033, 1530, 1556 cm-1) are found in benign and malignant tissues. The major differences between benign and malignant tissue spectra are malignant tissues seem to have an excess of lipids (1082, 1301, 1440 cm-1) and presence of excess proteins (amide I, amide III, red shifted ΔCH2, 1033, 1002 cm-1) is indicated in benign spectra. The multivariate statistical tool, principal components analysis (PCA) is employed for developing discrimination methods. A score of factor 1 provided a reasonable classification of all three tissue types. The analysis is further fine-tuned by employing Mahalanobis distance and spectral residuals as discriminating parameters. This approach is tested both retrospectively and prospectively. The limit test, which provides the most unambiguous discrimination, is also considered and this approach clearly discriminated all three tissue types. These results further support the efficacy of Raman spectroscopic methods in discriminating normal and diseased breast tissues.
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U2 - 10.1002/bip.20586
DO - 10.1002/bip.20586
M3 - Article
C2 - 16897764
AN - SCOPUS:33845213072
SN - 0006-3525
VL - 83
SP - 556
EP - 569
JO - Biopolymers
JF - Biopolymers
IS - 5
ER -
