Eco-Friendly bioenergy from industrial waste

Increased human activity has led to an increase in the ecological footprint. According to reports, India would need an additional 0.8 times the Earth to sustain it with the present-day ecological footprint management systems. Industrial activities significantly contribute, from resource utilization and production to waste generation. Carbon footprint constitutes 60% of the total human ecological footprint, of which industrial waste, like exhaust gases, waste dumps, unused resources, etc., are also the major contributors. In India, 4.43 million tons of industrial waste is generated annually. Industrial waste can be solid, liquid, gas, biodegradable, or non-biodegradable. A range of pollutants are discharged into the environment, including the water body, land filling, and open to the atmosphere. Due to their innate toxicity, all industrial waste released into the environment poisons the entire ecosystem. Any type of pollution, including that in the air, the water, the soil, and the noise, creates a contaminating environment. Zero effluent discharge systems (ZEDS) have been designed to get past all of them. Due to the high initial and ongoing costs, ZEDS is rarely utilized in any sector. One of the efficient ways of reusing and recycling industrial waste is through bioenergy systems.