Effect of Biomechanical Determinants Influencing Generic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm through Transient Analysis for Pathophysiological Study

Aortic aneurysm is the narrowing of the aortic valve. Treatment for unruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) that does not require surgery involves exposing patients to specific physiological threshold conditions like maximal diameter and keeping a check over the expansion rate. Despite these thresholds, there are chances of rupture. Thus, it is crucial to find more accurate indicators of rupture risk and include their assessment in therapeutic decision-making. This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate pulsatile flow characteristics in generalized AAA models. It prioritizes rebuilding the intricate aspects of fluid dynamics that cannot be directly quantified in vivo, specifically focusing on how varied degrees of dilations influence these aspects. Thus, a numerical analysis uses a finite volume approach in order to investigate three-dimensional symmetric, incompressible, laminar, and transient flow characteristics in analyzing and exploring rupture potential. It is observed that the shear stress had a low magnitude within the aneurysm segment of the blood vessel, while the distal constriction of the aneurysm displayed localized peak values. It is observed that the WSS is lowered from 40% in the steady flow conditions to 20% in the dilated pipe for transient conditions, indicating that wall shear stress can also be considered a factor for analyzing aneurysmal conditions. Authors’ findings also show that mapping the geographical and temporal development of flow patterns and vorticity reveals regions with low shear stress. These observations can help in clinical decision-making.