Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma on IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: A Split-mouth, Single-blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Aim: To analyze the effects of injecting platelet-rich plasma (PRP) submucosally on the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) present in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during microimplant assisted retraction, by using a split-mouth randomized clinical study design. Materials and methods: A total of 20 subjects (male or female), in the age-group of 16–25 years, diagnosed with a bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion, crowding that is <4 mm and required to undergo extraction of first premolars, were included in this study. Exclusion criteria—periodontally compromised dentition, smoking or alcoholism, blood dyscrasias, and individuals who have undergone fixed orthodontic treatment in the past. A submucosal injection of autologous PRP was administered to the intervention side. Before the start of retraction (T0) and 28 days after retraction (T1), GCF was taken from the canine’s distobuccal sulcus on control and intervention days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure biomarker levels. Results: At T1, it was discovered that the intervention side had greater levels of IL-1 and TNF than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. Levels of IL-6 were not observed to be impacted. Additionally, the mean total retraction on the intervention side was 1.5 times faster than on the control side, and it was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.001. The PRP injection was not accompanied by any swelling or pain in any of the subjects. Conclusion: In the GCF, injection of PRP increases the expression of IL-1 and TNF. Levels of IL-6 are unaffected. Clinical significance: The results of this study indicate that PRP leads to an increased expression of inflammatory biomarkers that are responsible for bone remodeling, which in turn can lead to accelerated tooth movement.