Effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on vascular function among individuals with overweight and obesity—a systematic review

Background: The study aimed to investigate and systematically review the evidence relating to the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on vascular function such as arterial diameter, arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, blood flow, etc. in individuals with overweight and obesity. Methods: The entire content of PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, SPORT Discus® (via EBSCO host), CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched. Only experimental research studies conducted in adult participants aged ≥18 years, published in English before January 2023 were included. Results: A total of 5397 studies were reviewed for the title and abstract with 11 studies being included for data extraction. The review resulted in a total of 346 individuals with overweight and obesity with body mass index (BMI) ranging between 25–36 kg/m². HIIT and MICT intensities resulted in 85%–95% and 60%–70% maximal heart rate (MHR) respectively. Seven out of 11 studies showed some concerns about the overall risk of bias. Six of 11 studies reported improving vascular function following HIIT than MICT. Conclusion: HIIT is a more effective and time-efficient exercise for enhancing vascular functions in individuals with overweight and obesity, leading to improvements in flow-mediated dilation by 3.9% and arterial diameter by 4.8%, compared to MICT.