Energy management approach for charge sustaining hybrid electric vehicle

With gaining popularity, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are replacing conventional vehicles on the road. The presence of multiple energy sources allows for an additional degree of freedom and necessitates Energy Management Strategies (EMS) to determine power split between them. Different strategies are discussed in this paper. From basic management strategies like the rule-based to mathematically complex Equivalent consumption minimization strategies are analysed. Although they cannot be compared to each other directly due to the varying nature of the test element, Dynamic programming is used to benchmark each strategy. Strategies are compared based on fuel consumption and the Battery State of Charge. Using technologies like GPS, new variations of EMS are developed, which are easy to implement in real-time and have performance almost like DP, are also discussed. Recent and future trends are discussed in the end. This article potentially introduces the reader to different categories and types of Energy management strategies developed to aid power-split between onboard energy sources.