Ensuring Stable System Performance with HHO Optimized Controller in a Deregulated AGC System Incorporating EVs and Wind Generator

The technical article emphasizes on automatic generation control of a deregulated renewable energy integrated power system under bilateral transactions. A powerful algorithm namely Harris Hawk Optimization technique based industrial controllers serve the purpose of secondary control in the considered two area power system. Non linearity's are incorporated to get a realistic system with generation rate constraint, governor dead band and reheat turbine. Comparison of performance of industrial controllers infer the superiority of Proportional Integral Derivative Controller over Integral and Proportional-Integral Controller by observing Peak Overshoot, settling time, time of convergence and number of iterations. The proposed system also investigates the increase in disturbances from 3% to 5% in steps. The intermittency is also increased by replacing a thermal plant in Area 1 with a number of Electrical Vehicles (EV) in V2G mode. Results are evident regarding the stable performance of the proposed system with EV inclusion. Further studies are carried out to select the area participation factor of each generating companies (GENCO) in both control areas after incorporating EV source in Area 1.