Evaluation of alpha 1-antitrypsin, protein carbonyl and carboxy-Hb in COPD patients

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one among the common lung diseases, caused by cigarette smoking. The increased risk of developing emphysema among smokers is suggested to result from a decrease in alpha 1 antitrypsin (a₁-AT). Evaluation of a₁-AT activity, protein carbonyl and carboxy-Hb levels, which contribute to the disease process in COPD patients, is the main aim of the study. Study group included 30 male COPD patients aged 45-65 years with history of COPD > 5yrs and tobacco smoking > 20yrs. Control group included 25 normal healthy individuals of the same age group. A decrease in a₁-AT (p < 0.000) and increase in protein carbonyl (p < 0.000) with no significant change in carboxy-Hb levels was observed. The findings of the study strongly suggest that oxidative stress plays a key role in the disease process of COPD. Evaluation of protein carbonyl along with a₁-AT aids in assessing the severity of the disease.