Evaluation of glycemic status and risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus of western coastal area of Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka

Background & Objectives: The high risk of cardiovascular disorder (CVD) in diabetes can be modified by the management of the lipidemic status of the individual. This study was aimed at evaluating the glycemic status and the cardiovascular disorder risk in type 2 diabetes in a district which is rapidly progressing towards the developed economy. Methods: Diabetic patients (n=100) aged between 35-70 years were selected forthe study. They were on oral hypoglycemic drugs and considered to have type 2 diabetes without any pre- existing cardiovascular disorder or any other complication of type 2 diabetes. Biochemical parameters, anthropometric measurement along with blood pressure were recorded. Results: The results were analyzed according to Adult Treatment Panel HI(ATP III) guidelines with 77% males and 76% females having Fasting blood sugar (FBS) ≥110mg/dl. This was associated with low High density lipoprotein (HDL) level in 44% males (≤40 mg/dl) and 74% females (≤50 mg/dl). In 58% males and 24% females, the triglycerides(TG) level was ≥150 mg/dl. In 71% males and 47% females systolic blood pressure(SBP) was ≥130 mm Hg, while 71% males and 74% females had diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥85 mm Hg. Interpretation & Conclusion: These results show an alarming rise in the risk factors in the development of cardiovascular disorder in type 2 diabetes. An early intervention is required to reduce the risk of the individuals from developing cardiovascular diseases.