TY - GEN
T1 - Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Using GIS Techniques in Part of Udupi District, Karnataka, Southern India
AU - Akshitha, Vignesh
AU - Balakrishna, Keshava
AU - Udayashankar, Harikripa Narayana
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements The first author would like to acknowledge the support of Manipal Academy of Higher Education for providing Dr. T.M.A. Pai scholarship.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Groundwater is a major source for drinking and agricultural purposes to most of the population in Udupi district, southern India. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the spatial distribution of major ions and drinking water quality index in the study area. Groundwater samples (N = 100) were collected during pre-monsoon season. The collected samples were analyzed for major cations and anions. Based on electrical conductivity, 90 open wells were classified as fresh (<1500 µS/cm), four open wells as brackish (1500–3000 µS/cm) and six open wells as saline (>3000 µS/cm). The evaluation of drinking water quality index identified that seven groundwater samples are good, four are poor, two are very poor, three are considered to be unsuitable for drinking and 84 groundwater samples are excellent for drinking purposes. Human health risk assessment revealed that infants were more vulnerable to health risk than other age groups. The concentrations of nitrate in the two open wells were above the prescribed limit (>45) which could cause human health risk for all the age groups. Water management plan in the study area should prioritize to reduce the nitrate contamination in the study area.
AB - Groundwater is a major source for drinking and agricultural purposes to most of the population in Udupi district, southern India. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the spatial distribution of major ions and drinking water quality index in the study area. Groundwater samples (N = 100) were collected during pre-monsoon season. The collected samples were analyzed for major cations and anions. Based on electrical conductivity, 90 open wells were classified as fresh (<1500 µS/cm), four open wells as brackish (1500–3000 µS/cm) and six open wells as saline (>3000 µS/cm). The evaluation of drinking water quality index identified that seven groundwater samples are good, four are poor, two are very poor, three are considered to be unsuitable for drinking and 84 groundwater samples are excellent for drinking purposes. Human health risk assessment revealed that infants were more vulnerable to health risk than other age groups. The concentrations of nitrate in the two open wells were above the prescribed limit (>45) which could cause human health risk for all the age groups. Water management plan in the study area should prioritize to reduce the nitrate contamination in the study area.
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U2 - 10.1007/978-981-19-0304-5_28
DO - 10.1007/978-981-19-0304-5_28
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85131124478
SN - 9789811903038
T3 - Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
SP - 385
EP - 396
BT - Innovative Trends in Hydrological and Environmental Systems - Select Proceedings of ITHES 2021
A2 - Dikshit, Anil Kumar
A2 - Narasimhan, Balaji
A2 - Kumar, Bimlesh
A2 - Patel, Ajey Kumar
PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
T2 - International Virtual Conference on Innovative Trends in Hydrological and Environmental Systems, ITHES 2021
Y2 - 28 April 2021 through 30 April 2021
ER -
