Evaluation of the engineering properties and sustainability of solid masonry blocks produced with recycled concrete aggregates

The rapid expansion of global infrastructure has led to significant natural resource shortages and increasing environmental concerns related to construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Recycling C&D waste presents a viable solution to alleviate resource depletion and promote sustainability. This study explores the use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) derived from C&D waste in producing solid masonry blocks (SMBs). RCAs were employed to replace both natural coarse and fine aggregates in these blocks. Physical and mechanical properties of SMBs were tested, including hardened density, compressive and flexural strengths, and water absorption. The findings showed that decreased strength and increased water absorption for cement-to-aggregate ratio (C: A) increased from 1:6 to 1:24; however, all produced SMBs satisfied the requirements specified by Indian and ASTM standards. The study concluded that using 100% RCAs in SMBs is structurally sound and environmentally beneficial, meeting international standards. Employing recycled aggregate concrete blocks lowers environmental impact and aids in sustainable development by facilitating the life-cycle closure of the building materials.