Evaluation of Zn: WO3 Thin Films as a Sensing Layer for Detection of NH3 Gas

Anusha; Priyanka Kumari; P. Poornesh; Saikat Chattopadhyay; Ashok Rao; Suresh D. Kulkarni

doi:10.3390/mi14040732

Evaluation of Zn: WO₃ Thin Films as a Sensing Layer for Detection of NH₃ Gas

Anusha, Priyanka Kumari, P. Poornesh, Saikat Chattopadhyay, Ashok Rao, Suresh D. Kulkarni

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Pristine WO₃ and Zn-doped WO₃ were synthesized using the spray pyrolysis technique to detect ammonia gas. The prominent orientation of the crystallites along the (200) plane was evident from X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) morphology indicated well-defined grains upon Zn doping with a smaller grain size of 62 nm for Zn-doped WO₃ (Zn: WO₃) film. The photoluminescence (PL) emission at different wavelengths was assigned to defects such as oxygen vacancies, interstitial oxygens, localized defects, etc. X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirmed the formation of oxygen vacancies in the deposited films. The ammonia (NH₃) sensing analysis of the deposited films was carried out at an optimum working temperature of 250 °C. The sensor performance of Zn: WO₃ was enhanced compared to pristine WO₃ at 1 ppm NH₃ concentration, elucidating the possibility of the films in sensing applications.

Original language	English
Article number	732
Journal	Micromachines
Volume	14
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040732
Publication status	Published - 04-2023

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Control and Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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title = "Evaluation of Zn: WO3 Thin Films as a Sensing Layer for Detection of NH3 Gas",

abstract = "Pristine WO3 and Zn-doped WO3 were synthesized using the spray pyrolysis technique to detect ammonia gas. The prominent orientation of the crystallites along the (200) plane was evident from X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) morphology indicated well-defined grains upon Zn doping with a smaller grain size of 62 nm for Zn-doped WO3 (Zn: WO3) film. The photoluminescence (PL) emission at different wavelengths was assigned to defects such as oxygen vacancies, interstitial oxygens, localized defects, etc. X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirmed the formation of oxygen vacancies in the deposited films. The ammonia (NH3) sensing analysis of the deposited films was carried out at an optimum working temperature of 250 °C. The sensor performance of Zn: WO3 was enhanced compared to pristine WO3 at 1 ppm NH3 concentration, elucidating the possibility of the films in sensing applications.",

author = "Anusha and Priyanka Kumari and P. Poornesh and Saikat Chattopadhyay and Ashok Rao and Kulkarni, {Suresh D.}",

note = "Funding Information: Anusha acknowledges the Indian Nano electronics User Program (INUP), supported by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Govt. of India, located at CeNSE, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru for providing the facilities to carry out part of the work. Priyanka Kumari and Saikat Chattopadhyay thank the Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility (SAIF) Manipal University Jaipur (MUJ), India for XRD measurements. Funding Information: Poornesh P acknowledges Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, for funding the research project through Intramural Funding (Grant no.: MAHE/DREG/Ph.D./IMF/2019). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 by the authors.",

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doi = "10.3390/mi14040732",

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AU - Anusha,

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AU - Chattopadhyay, Saikat

AU - Rao, Ashok

AU - Kulkarni, Suresh D.

N1 - Funding Information: Anusha acknowledges the Indian Nano electronics User Program (INUP), supported by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Govt. of India, located at CeNSE, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru for providing the facilities to carry out part of the work. Priyanka Kumari and Saikat Chattopadhyay thank the Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility (SAIF) Manipal University Jaipur (MUJ), India for XRD measurements. Funding Information: Poornesh P acknowledges Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, for funding the research project through Intramural Funding (Grant no.: MAHE/DREG/Ph.D./IMF/2019). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.

PY - 2023/4

Y1 - 2023/4

N2 - Pristine WO3 and Zn-doped WO3 were synthesized using the spray pyrolysis technique to detect ammonia gas. The prominent orientation of the crystallites along the (200) plane was evident from X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) morphology indicated well-defined grains upon Zn doping with a smaller grain size of 62 nm for Zn-doped WO3 (Zn: WO3) film. The photoluminescence (PL) emission at different wavelengths was assigned to defects such as oxygen vacancies, interstitial oxygens, localized defects, etc. X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirmed the formation of oxygen vacancies in the deposited films. The ammonia (NH3) sensing analysis of the deposited films was carried out at an optimum working temperature of 250 °C. The sensor performance of Zn: WO3 was enhanced compared to pristine WO3 at 1 ppm NH3 concentration, elucidating the possibility of the films in sensing applications.

AB - Pristine WO3 and Zn-doped WO3 were synthesized using the spray pyrolysis technique to detect ammonia gas. The prominent orientation of the crystallites along the (200) plane was evident from X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) morphology indicated well-defined grains upon Zn doping with a smaller grain size of 62 nm for Zn-doped WO3 (Zn: WO3) film. The photoluminescence (PL) emission at different wavelengths was assigned to defects such as oxygen vacancies, interstitial oxygens, localized defects, etc. X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirmed the formation of oxygen vacancies in the deposited films. The ammonia (NH3) sensing analysis of the deposited films was carried out at an optimum working temperature of 250 °C. The sensor performance of Zn: WO3 was enhanced compared to pristine WO3 at 1 ppm NH3 concentration, elucidating the possibility of the films in sensing applications.

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Evaluation of Zn: WO₃ Thin Films as a Sensing Layer for Detection of NH₃ Gas

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