Exploring the multidimensional impact of tinnitus on adolescents: a qualitative study of lived experience and professional perspective

Objective: To investigate the perspectives of professionals and adolescents on the impact of tinnitus during adolescence through qualitative focus group discussion and in-depth interviews. Design: Qualitative descriptive study utilising thematic analysis with purposive sampling. Study sample: Sixteen adolescents aged 10 to 17 years with bothersome tinnitus (duration of at least 3 months) and five healthcare professionals specialising in tinnitus management (with a minimum of 10 years of experience). Results: Thematic analysis identified eight distinct themes that illustrate the comprehensive impact of tinnitus on adolescent functioning. Three common themes were identified from both stakeholder groups: (1) psychological and emotional distress, (2) Academic Performance and Learning Disruption, and (3) Sleep Architecture Disruption. Additionally, five themes emerged specifically from the adolescents’ narratives: (4) Auditory Processing and Communication Challenges, (5) Concomitant Otological Symptoms, (6) Somatic Symptom Manifestations, (7) Executive Function and Attention Deficits, and (8) Maladaptive Cognitive Appraisals. Conclusions: Tinnitus in adolescents is a complex condition that significantly affects psychological, cognitive, academic, and physical functioning. These findings highlight the necessity for suitable, interdisciplinary intervention strategies that address the various tinnitus-related challenges during this crucial developmental phase.