Fabrication of Glass Fiber–based hydrophilic lipophilic balanced microextraction patches for eco-friendly detection of Sulfonamides residues in poultry samples

Antibiotics are widely used in livestock to prevent and treat bacterial infections, with sulfonamides being widely applied in the poultry industry for both therapeutic and growth-promoting purposes. However, prolonged use leads to the accumulation of residues in meat and the development of antimicrobial resistance, posing serious health risks to humans. To facilitate effective monitoring of four sulfonamide compounds (sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine), glass fiber-based microextraction patches were designed with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and polydimethylsiloxane coating materials. The extraction efficiency was evaluated over the concentration range 100–1000 ng/mL for each antibiotic. The analytes were quantified using triple quad gas chromatography mass spectrometer. The method achieved a good detection and quantification limits of (24.3 – 832.8 ng/g) and (81.1 – 2776.1 ng/g), respectively. The method aligns with the principles of green analytical chemistry. This technique could be used to monitor antibiotic residues in meat samples in compliance with food safety regulations.