@article{36a960b8afe04edfb7afcac9b786cf1d,
title = "Formin nanoclustering-mediated actin assembly during plant flagellin and DSF signaling",
abstract = "Plants respond to bacterial infection acutely with actin remodeling during plant immune responses. The mechanisms by which bacterial virulence factors (VFs) modulate plant actin polymerization remain enigmatic. Here, we show that plant-type-I formin serves as the molecular sensor for actin remodeling in response to two bacterial VFs: Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) diffusible signal factor (DSF), and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Both VFs regulate actin assembly by tuning the clustering and nucleation activity of formin on the plasma membrane (PM) at the nano-sized scale. By being integrated within the cell-wall-PM-actin cytoskeleton (CW-PM-AC) continuum, the dynamic behavior and function of formins are highly dependent on each scaffold layer's composition within the CW-PM-AC continuum during both DSF and PTI signaling. Our results reveal a central mechanism for rapid actin remodeling during plant-bacteria interactions, in which bacterial signaling molecules fine tune plant formin nanoclustering in a host mechanical-structure-dependent manner.",
author = "Zhiming Ma and Xiaolin Liu and Sangeeta Nath and He Sun and Tran, {Tuan Minh} and Liang Yang and Satyajit Mayor and Yansong Miao",
note = "Funding Information: We thank all the researchers who have shared the Arabidopsis transgenic lines used in this study, including Takashi Ueda (National Institute for Basic Biology, Japan) for Lifeact-Venus, Danny Geelen (Ghent University, Belgium) for AtFH6-GFP, Staffan Persson (The University of Melbourne, Australia) for tdTomato-CESA6, Shanjin Huang (Tsinghua University, China) for AtFH2-eGFP, and Arun Sampathkumar (Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology) for prc1-1 and je5. We thank NTU SCELSE (Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering) for supporting the platform of cell biology imaging and Parastoo Azadi (Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia) for the GS-MS-based monosaccharide analysis ( United States Department of Energy grant DE-SC0015662 ). We thank Thomas S. van Zanten (National Centre for Biological Sciences, India) for sharing the MatLab code for anisotropy analysis and Lay Yin Tang for maintaining the Arabidopsis T87 suspension cell line. S.M. is supported by a Margdarshi Fellowship ( IA/M/15/1/502018 ) from the DBT-Wellcome Trust Alliance and the Department of Atomic Energy (Government of India) under project no. RTI 4006 to National Centre for Biological Sciences, India . This study was supported by an NTU startup grant ( M4081533 ) and the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) tiers 1 ( RG32/20 ) and 3 ( MOE2019-T3-1-012 ) to Y.M. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s)",
year = "2021",
month = mar,
day = "30",
doi = "10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108884",
language = "English",
volume = "34",
journal = "Cell Reports",
issn = "2211-1247",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "13",
}