Frequency Regulation in Multi-Microgrid Power System Using an Adaptive Beluga Whale Optimizer-Based FOPID Controller

Because of the sophisticated dynamic behaviour inherent in multi-microgrid power systems, the effectiveness of such systems is compromised since there is not enough damping. The intermittent behavior of renewable energy sources (RESs), loading circumstances, and fluctuations in network parameters are the primary contributors to the damping challenges. Load frequency control (LFC) is an effective method for enhancing the frequency stability and reliability of the electrical network supported by RESs. It is imperative that the controllers be designed appropriately to maintain a reliable, steady, and high-quality power supply. In addition to controlling the power of the tie-line, the controller is responsible for minimizing any variations in the area frequency. As a result, this paper aims to suggest a controller for regulating frequencies predicated on utilizing the fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller. Additionally, this paper proposes an adaptive beluga whale optimizer (ABWO) to optimize the gains of the FOIPID controller. The ABWO is an improved version of the original beluga whale optimizer, and an adaptive weight factor improves its exploration and exploitation along with a random spare mechanism. The simulation findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller and the ABWO algorithm for attaining a high reduction of frequency instabilities and tie-line power fluctuations and improved network stability.