From chemistry to performance: How nano additives are transforming bio-lubricants for enhanced tribological applications

The present review work delves into the fascinating world of nanomaterials and their potential use in the enhancement of bio-lubricants, thus making it a valuable source for material chemists to venture into the field of tribology. This work outlines several types of nanomaterials – such as metal oxides, metal-based nanoparticles (NPs), carbon-based nanomaterials, and other nano regime particles used in the field of tribology especially in the preparation of bio-lubricants. The authors highlight key parameters like scratch resistance, wear reduction, and thermal conductivity, which are crucial for understanding the lubricant's effectiveness and machinery longevity. From the perspective of chemist, the comprehensive review discusses on the importance of chemical modification, functionalization aspects required in bio lubricant formulation and on the chemistry of nano additives. We believe that this work bridges gap between material science and tribology and encouraging the continuous exploration to this dynamic area of research.